Men are taking a more active role in child care. By 1991, 20% of preschool children were cared for by their fathers while their mothers worked outside the home--an increase since 1988, when only 15 percent of preschoolers were cared for by their fathers. This report summarizes the latest findings on child care arrangements of mothers who work outside the home and explores the trend in father-provided child care since the late 1970s. Discussions cover the following topics: (1) fathers as child care providers; (2) family changes in child care arrangements; (3) child care costs; (4) parental employment; (5) family work schedules; (6) parental availability for child care; (7) the need to juggle work and child care; (8) characteristics of fathers who are likely to become child care providers; (9) single mothers; and (10) trends in paternal child care. The findings reveal that fathers are the single most important source of family-provided child care for preschool children when mothers work outside the home, and that changes in the United States economy since 1988 have made paternal child care both more feasible and more of a household necessity. Current trends suggest that flexible work hours and work arrangements may encourage more fathers to play stronger roles in providing child care for their children. (SM)