This paper provides a critical, analytical, and evaluative study of Samad Behrangi's educational life, writings, and thoughts by exploring the influence of Behrangi's ideas, theories, and educational practices on the past, present, and future of the Iranian education system. Samad Behrangi was an Iranian teacher who wrote extensively on a variety of topics. He was influenced by Maslow and Rogers who claimed that children's physical, emotional, and intellectual needs must be given a great deal of attention in schools. He was mainly concerned with the quality and suitability of textbooks and how they were taught to rural and village students. He was concerned also with the living conditions, educational survival, and societal responsibilities to these Iranian children. The paper is organized under the following headings: Who Is Samad Behrangi? Behrangi's Popular Publications; What Did Behrangi Live, Fight, and Die For? Behrangi's Suggestions for Educational Reforms; How Should Stories and Folklore Be Taught? How Should Teachers Be Trained? What Is Wrong with Iran's School System? Behrangi's Masterpiece: "What is "Mahi-e Seyah-e Kocholo?" and How Did Behrangi's Life End? (LL)