This study was conducted to investigate attitudes toward physical activity and self-esteem of students (N=82) in grades three through five. The independent variables were gender, grade placement, and physical fitness. The dependent variables were scores from the Grade 3 Children's Attitudes Toward Physical Activity, the Revised Children's Attitudes Toward Physical Activity Inventory (CATPA), and the school form of the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI). A total of 91 comparisons were made. Three of the 39 main effects comparisons and 4 of the 52 interaction comparisons were statistically significant at the .05 level. The results of the study revealed that girls reported a more positive attitude on the CAPTA Aesthetic subdomain than did boys. Fourth and fifth graders reported high Social Self-Peer scores than did third graders, and fourth graders reported higher Home-Parent scores on the CSEI than did third and fifth graders. Interactions were found among gender, grade placement, and physical fitness for the General Self, Social Self-Peers, and Total Self subscales of the CSEI. Interactions also were found between gender and grade placement for Home-Parents. No association was found between physical fitness and attitudes toward physical activity and no association was found between grade placement and attitudes toward physical activity. The appendixes include instruction sheets for the survey instruments. (Contains 55 references.) (NB)