This study compared 17 toddlers identified as prenatally exposed to cocaine (along with marijuana, alcohol, or nicotine), with another group of 10 toddlers with no prenatal exposure. All subjects were African-American, 1-3 years of age, and in foster care. Toddlers were age- and gender-matched and compared on measures of temperament, development, growth and play behavior. There were no group differences in temperament, growth, and play behavior, but significant differences in development. The drug-exposed toddlers exhibited higher levels of development than the nonexposed toddlers. A majority of both groups, however, scored below age level on standard development measures. These results may be attributable to the fact that the comparison group was comprised of high-risk children placed in foster care primarily due to parental abuse and neglect. Findings also suggest that the effects of prenatal drug exposure are similar to developmental outcomes experienced by other high-risk groups of children. Contains 48 references. (Author/MDM).