The Ryukyu Islands of Japan, of which Okinawa is the best known, possess a lengthy history and a sophisticated cultural background, an exploration of which helps to shed light on this area and on mainland Japan. This document is an exposition of Ryukuan culture. Divided into eight sections, the areas covered include: (1) Historical perspective; (2) Chinese and Japanese influences on Okinawan culture; (3) Language; (4) Traditional festivals; (5) Arts; (6) Religion; (7) Customs; and (8) Summary and final comments. A number of illustrations appear at the end of the paper, as do a 29-item bibliography and a 39-item periodical bibliography. (DB)