A framework is presented for use by the Board on International Comparative Studies in Education (BICSE) in advising the National Center for Education Statistics and the National Science Foundation on United States participation in international comparative studies of education. The framework may also be helpful in identifying areas of research that are neglected. Also presented are principles recommended by the board for appraisal of proposals to conduct international education studies. The framework considers the value of United States participation in international studies and the kinds of studies that can be conducted. The measurement of educational achievement is reviewed, with attention to the many complications of international research. The long-term needs for United States participation and the timing and focus of proposed studies are considered. The recommended principles for appraisal of international studies apply to both explanatory and descriptive studies, whether of a qualitative or quantitative approach. Principles to be reviewed include considerations of relevance, design, analysis, and application. These principles have been adopted to guide the BICSE's appraisal of planned activities and for consideration by those interested in international comparative studies. Biographical summaries of 18 BICSE members are provided. (SLD)