A multifactorial scale of attitudes toward statistics was developed, and factors related to attitudes toward statistics (objective and subjective mathematics background, anxiety, spatial ability, expectations, motivation, attitudes toward computers, teacher and course evaluation, sex and sex-role stereotypes, and major) were investigated for college students in Spain. Twenty-five items for assessing five different dimensions (motivation, enjoyment, anxiety, confidence, and usefulness) were incorporated into a multifactorial scale--the Multifactorial Scale of Attitudes toward Statistics (MSAS). Then, two studies were conducted. In the first study, the MSAS was administered to 101 undergraduates. Coefficient alpha was between 0.60 and 0.87 for the different factors and the total scale. Evidence concerning the validity of the instrument came from its correlation (0.84) with another measure of attitudes toward statistics. The subjects for the second study were 2,052 students from various disciplines enrolled in introductory statistics courses at two universities in Spain in the 1989-90 academic year. During the pretest (at the beginning of the course) and during the posttest (at the end of the course), several instruments were administered to students to measure factors similar to those investigated in the first study that might have a bearing on attitude toward statistics. Regression analyses determined predictors of attitudes toward statistics. Predictive factors before the course included: expectations of success and failure; attitudes toward computers; objective and subjective background; motivation; and state anxiety. Predictive factors at the end of the course included: expectations of success and failure; subjective and objective background; level of the subject; and teacher and course evaluation. Eight tables present study findings. A 25-item list of references is included. (SLD)