A study examined local and state-level collaboration between the Job Training Partnership System (JTPA) and four other programs: the Employment Service, vocational education, welfare, and economic development. Methods included telephone interviews with 46 state managing agencies for JTPA, 205 service delivery area administrators, and 209 Private Industry Council chairpersons. The study showed that everybody believes in collaboration and acknowledges it is necessary, but many policymakers have been unsuccessful in promoting policies that favor it; likewise, administrators admit that collaborating with other programs has been an elusive goal. The study found that some barriers could be removed and some inducements made to encourage collaboration. Recommendations include the following: (1) the state must set clear and coherent employment policy aimed at increasing the number of jobs in the state and preparing its citizens for them; (2) a single state council should be used to develop policy across a broad range of human services; (3) state policy should require joint planning among human resources agencies at the local level; (4) the state Employment Service and the state JTPA should allow credit for job placement to be shared among agencies; and (5) the vocational education system must develop programs that better meet the needs of nontraditional students. (KC)