Materials development needs in the less commonly taught languages were surveyed in order to update an earlier conference report and set priorities for the 1980s. Questionnaires were developed for university department chairpersons, instructors, and business language programs. The survey response data are reported on (1) teaching program structure, (2) instructor background and training, (3) classroom activities, (4) instructional objectives, (5) student assessment procedures, (6) use of instructional materials, and (7) needed instructional materials. Recommendations are made regarding Russian and other Eastern European languages; Arabic and other Middle Eastern languages; South Asian languages; Chinese, Japanese, and other East Asian languages; Southeast Asian languages; and Sub-Saharan African languages. In addition, corporate language training and government language training programs were surveyed. The recommendations address the desirability of more intensive language training in these languages, retraining of students who once had a high level of proficiency, follow-up of program graduates, and development of materials emphasizing communicative skills. Questionnaires and survey forms are appended. (RW)