In 1981, the reading achievement of a representative sample of Queensland (Australia) Year 5 students was assessed by using a test that measured skills in the areas of vocabulary, comprehension, and speed of reading. The aim of this testing was to compare reading achievement in 1981 with reading achievement in 1971 and 1976. Comparisons of achievement were made for three periods: 1971-1976, 1976-1981, and 1971-1981. Analysis of the results showed that there was a statistically significant decrease in the means of vocabulary, implied comprehension, and speed of reading between 1971 and 1976. There was no statistically significant change between 1976 and 1981. The means for vocabulary and speed of reading were statistically lower in 1981 than they were in 1971. The data did not indicate if the measured decrease in test means was due to lower reading achievement or one or more factors such as curriculum changes; high test scores in 1971; changes in the basic characteristics of the school populations tested; or cultural, value, and attitudinal changes in Australians. However, the absence of any significant differences between 1976 and 1981 test means indicates that it may be reasonable to assume the changes evident between 1971 and 1976 were not the beginning of a continuing downward trend in reading achievement. (HOD)