This memorial lecture offers a synoptic overview of the history of childhood and a selective discussion of the current state of children's rights in Australia. Attention is drawn to now generally recognized rights of children and to specific legislation or policy in Australia relative to each of those rights. Specific recommendations, thought to be acceptable to members of Australian society, are made in the effort to further secure the following rights: the right to education, the right to have wishes or interests considered in legal matters before courts, the right to legal representation, the right to personal safety, the right to be born without legal disability, the right to support, and the right to love and affection. (RH)