A pressing issue facing women is their role in science and technology, two fields in which knowledge has traditionally been produced and controlled by men. If women were to take responsibility for science and technology, the nature of scientific inquiry and scientific organizations might be fundamentally different. Women must take this responsibility; science and technology are too powerful to be controlled solely by men. The addition of more women in the traditionally male profession is not enough, and women cannot be satisfied with supporting roles in male enterprises. The male work world is alien to feminine psychology and stifling to the woman's creative functioning. It is time to analyze the consequences of the social environment provided by male science, the fundamental differences between male and female psychological functioning, and the meaning of both to the future of science. Science profoundly affects the quality of lives of women as well as men. The formation of women's science collectives may provide women with the environment they need to take responsibility for science and technology. (Author/NRB)