Employment in nuclear- and nuclear energy-related activities in 1981 was examined and compared to that in previous years. Survey instruments were returned by 784 establishments. Total 1981 nuclear-related employment was estimated to be 249,500--a growth of 22,600 (10%) workers over the 1977 total. Government-owned, contractor-operated (GOCO) workers made up 36.9% of this total; the private work force made up 63.1%. Among all the nuclear-related workers, scientists comprised 5.1%; engineers, 15.3%; and technicans, 17.5%. The remaining 62.1% was composed of managers, skilled craft and clerical workers, and other support services. Research and development involvement had declined from 1977, with 60.4% of scientists and 27% of engineers currently involved. Nuclear employment was concentrated in the Middle Atlantic and Pacific regions. Most was in large establishments. The largest single industrial segment activity was weapons development (16.9% of total employment), followed by reactor operation and maintenance employment (16.7%). Total nuclear-related employment had grown at a 4.5% annual rate from 1968 through 1981. Virtually all of this growth was in the private sector. The regional distribution had remained fairly stable. (Appendixes include the survey of nonrespondents, estimation method and supplemental tables, and survey form.) (YLB)