A review of the literature and a survey of texts show a remarkable absence of concern and reference to depression and suicidal behavior in young children. The meaning of death, the depressive and suicidal consequences of the agony of aloneness, and the fear of parental hostility, rage and abandonment are elements of early and middle childhood living denied recognition by parents and professionals alike. Only a few researchers, mostly in recent years, have paid attention to these problems. This paper reviews this research with particular reference to findings related to depression and suicide in young children. First, childhood depression is discussed in terms of its symptoms and types, related factors (such as relationships with parents, caregivers, and peers), and treatment. Second, the nature of suicide in young children, factors which may underlie suicidal behavior in young children (such as family dynamics, rejection by the peer group, and school performance), the child's concept of death, and patterns of discovery and treatment are considered. (Author/MP)