The ramifications of Title IX compliance are explored in the context of existing programs and procedures. The handbook is written from the standpoint that, once physical education personnel and governance officials are aware of Title IX, they will wish to take the suggested action steps so that program improvement will result. The first section gives background material on the effects of the law and on beliefs and attitudes about equal opportunity in physical education. The status of current programs and new program developments are summarized. The second section presents excerpts of Title IX that are related to physical education and athletics and lists possible effects on programs and personnel with suggested actions for compliance. In the third section, case examples of situations in physical education programs and athletic programs provide opportunities to develop skills in recognizing discriminatory or biased behavior. These skills are put to use in a step-by-step model for change in elementary secondary physical education and athletics programs. A comparison is made between steps taken to comply with the spirit versus the letter of the law. Appendices provide references, resources, sample surveys, and implementation evaluation instruments. (FG)