This publication is a discussion of what is known today about learning and teaching English as a second language, also known as TESOL (teaching English to speakers of other languages). The discussion is divided into three sections: (1) the historical development of the field in the United States; (2) the domains of TESOL; and (3) the teacher, the subject matter, the students, and methods and techniques. The second part focuses on bilingual education, outlining its development in the U.S., considering problems in implementation of federal legislation, and presenting conflicting views of TESOL and bilingual education supporters. This part also considers briefly the status of English as a Foreign Language, English as a Second Language, and English to Speakers of Other Dialects. The third part provides suggestions for sources of information, a discussion of the distinction between linguistic competence and communicative competence, a list of do's and don'ts for teachers regarding appreciation of the students' cultures, and a consideration of objectives, methods, and techniques. A list of selected references concludes the volume. (AMH)