An Indian education needs assessment conducted in Wisconsin had two components, the first a survey of school district administrators (or their assistants) via a four-part questionnaire, and the second a survey of parents or guardians in 20 Indian communities via questionnaires orally administered by trained personnel. Out of a total of 438 questionnaires sent to 436 public school and 2 private Indian school administrators, 305 (70%) were returned and represented a total of 5,533 Indian students. Findings are discussed in terms of four objectives: (1) to create a statewide awareness of the need for American Indian language and culture programs, (2) to stimulate local school districts to develop educational programs, (3) to show how school districts have responded to perceived needs, and (4) to involve the Indian community in the development of programs. Two case studies compare the perceptions of school authorities and of Indian parents in an urban and in a non-reservation rural school district as to the four objectives. Overall, the findings indicate that administrator awareness of the need for American Indian bilingual bicultural programs is very low because of the way they view Indian students, while parents rate bilingual programs and cultural offerings for their children as the greatest area of unmet need. (AN)