Successful work performance and its corollary, career success, generate both positive (intended) and negative (unintended) outcomes for individuals. The negative outcomes foster a sense of personal and social alienation, which in turn promote behaviors that have negative implications for work motivation and organizational and leadership processes. Research supporting these conclusions points to the need to recognize the multidimensionality of human life both inside and outside the work setting. Societies and organizations must decide how much they will stress such diverse values as achievement, self-actualization, technological progress, and affiliation, recognizing that emphasis on any value usually produces both positive and negative outcomes. Organizational psychologists should recognize the limitations of the "linear society" that encourages achievement and performance at the expense of other values. (Author/CS)