The purpose of this study was to research the effects of declining enrollments on instructional programs and supervisory practices. A review of the literature in part 1 indicates a lack of empirical studies of instructional program effects, compared to other areas of education. Part 2 discusses a survey of 320 school districts across the country concerning the effect of enrollment changes on staffing patterns, instructional issues, demographics, and specific curriculum areas. The results of the research (part 3) show that as overall school enrollments decline, so do student enrollments in various courses of study, especially language arts, social studies, and science. In order to retain these courses, the study suggests educators experiment with different instructional modes and employ educational technology to diversify instructional alternatives. An extensive bibliography is included. (Author/LD)