This paper provides a summary of a baseline study of Canadian child welfare services from 1959 to 1977. The nation-wide study relates main trends in the services to a background of demographic, social, legislative and organizational change. Progress of the research project is outlined to illustrate some of the constraints on research in Canada at the present time. Research methodology is described and justified. The only approach that seemed likely to address important policy questions was a basic information gathering exercise. The impact of legislative and social changes on provision of child welfare services was considered in the study. The period since 1959 has been one of unprecedented change for Canada. Child welfare services have expanded and have increased the level of their activities. Trends appear to indicate that the increase in number of admissions and children in care up to 1971 can be explained in terms of both population growth and service expansion. Since 1971, the continued increase in number served and activity level is a reflection of the expansion of service only. Proportionately more children are entering care for reasons of protection and parental neglect. Criteria of neglect recently may have been made more rigorous. In conclusion, social policy issues and questions are raised. (Author/RH)