This book tells the story of how one school system in a medically underserved community near Chicago conceived and implemented primary care health facilities in two of its schools to serve all the children of the school district. The key to the preventive health care plan is the use of specially trained school nurse practitioners and health aides to provide primary care under the direction of a local pediatrician. Part I of the book describes public health conditions in the Posen-Robbins Elementary School District prior to the introduction of the comprehensive health care program. The planning and implementation of the program are described. In Part II the program's School Nurse Practitioner Program is discussed. Doctors' views of the expanded role of school nurses and the doctor's role in school health are examined. The role and training of nurse practitioners is described in detail. Part III overviews school health programs in Cambridge, Mass., Hartford, Conn., and the island of Galveston on the Gulf coast of Texas. Part IV provides a view of particular school health program activities and settings. The final section indicates problems and possibilities for implementing comprehensive, preventive health care services for children and their mothers in the school. (Author/RH)