This study was undertaken to identify the differences between asthmatic and nonasthmatic children, ages nine through twelve, on self-concept and attitudes toward physical education. It was anticipated that children having an asthmatic condition might reflect significantly different scores from their nonasthmatic peers at least partially attributable to their perceptions of themselves as asthmatic. Related literature was reviewed under the following four headings: identification and measurement of self-concept in children; self-concept and physical fitness; attitudes toward physical education; and asthma, self-concepts, and attitudes toward physical education. Three major instruments were used in the collection of data: The Way I Feel About Myself Self-Concept Scale, Children's Attitude Inventory Toward Physical Education, and a paired comparison instrument. Analysis of the collected data showed that asthmatic and nonasthmatic children demonstrate no significant differences in self-concepts, attitudes toward physical education, and rankings of physical education as measured by the instruments used in the study. It appears, therefore, that much of the literature that suggests that wheezing, coughing, and other exercise-induced asthmatic symptoms may influence self-concept and attitudes toward physical education is inaccurate. An extensive bibliography is provided. (DS)