The development phases of an operational computer managed instruction (CMI) system include planning, when the instructional model is designed; acquisition, when instructional system specifications are prepared; implementation/operation, which provides for the resolution of operational problems; evaluation, when the system is tested; and refinement, which provides for the improvement of system functioning and capabilities based on evaluation results. Five problems which may impact on the conduct of R&D during any of these phases are noted: (1) few off-the-shelf solutions exist; (2) hardware and software commitments limit R&D solutions; (3) solutions may not be practical; (4) research and operational personnel may not agree on R&D; and (5) research may be incompatible with operational training. A brief description of a joint venture between the Technical Training Command and the Navy Personnel Research and Development Center provides some insight into the problems encountered and the general R&D approach the Navy is using to overcome them. (BBM)