Israeli Kibbutz and city children, age 8-11, were compared in three experiments in which cooperative-competitive behavior was assessed. City children from the United States were also included in Experiment 3. In Experiments 1 and 2, groups of four children played a cooperation board game in which children represented only themselves in one condition and represented a group in another. Kibbutz groups were more cooperative and were more influenced by the group representation than were city groups. In experiment 3, groups were compared in their selection of a group versus an individual goal. Kibbutz children gave more often to the group than did Israeli or U.S. city children, even under a condition in which the group oriented response was economically nonadaptive. (Author)