This monograph brings together a series of research studies that relate to participative decisionmaking in complex formal organizations. Its design includes an examination of general statements and positions on and a review of selected studies related to participative decisionmaking. Initially, the reviewer analyzes the participation question as an element in the "individual vs organization" dichotomy, following which various statements by writers on participation are scrutinized. The author shows that the terms employed by these writers fit a polarity of organization description that can be labeled "mechanistic vs organic." A discussion of this polarity ensues, emphasizing (1) the value orientations involved and (2) the facts derived from research findings. (Author)