This study measured and explained the quality of recent research on education. A total of 1100 articles and research papers published in 1967-68 were used as a data source and were qualitatively analyzed with respect to their substance and methodology. A stratified random sample of 390 papers was evaluated by 39 judges for contribution to theory, contribution to educational practice, and use to research methods. A 12-page questionnaire was mailed to all the authors to collect data on their background, training, career lines, attitudes, research context, and topic selection. All the data was analyzed using multivariate tubular analysis, and authors trained in schools of education were compared with those trained in the behavioral sciences. Professional socialization was found to be strongly related to research quality, and behavioral scientists did better research than education doctorates. The positive relationship between research socialization and quality was contingent upon certain background characteristics, with female, areligious, and Jewish subjects doing better research than males and those belonging to other religious groups, and young researchers doing better than older ones. Other related factors were institutional setting and being a staff member of a university research center. (Author/MBM)