The present situation of biology teaching in Australian secondary schools is described in Part 1 of the proceedings of the 1970 conference on "Biological Education in Australian Secondary Schools." The six papers discuss the relationship of biology to other science and non-science subjects, enrollment trends, teacher qualifications, and assessment practices used in each state. Part 2 contains three papers which suggest some aims of biological education for Australian conditions, and a summary of the discussion of these proposed aims. Papers evaluating the Australian adaptation of the BSCS programs, the biology component of the New South Wales "Science" courses, the Queensland "Zoology" course, and the pilot course in "Human Biology" offered in Western Australia, are contained in Part 3. Three background review papers, on discussion as a teaching technique, on the value of laboratory work, and on research on "inquiry" teaching, are included, together with reports of working groups that discussed evaluation techniques, teaching techniques, and the appropriate content of future courses. The report concludes with a list of eight recommendations to the conference sponsors, the Australian Academy of Science. (AL)