This seminar focused on costs and productivity as they are defined within both education and economics. Some topics that received special attention were: definition problems, estimating methods, analysis methods, existing research results, and examples of improvement in educational efficiency. The document groups seminar papers under (1) general concepts and definitions, (2) methodology of unit costs and problems related to measurement of the educational product, (3) special cases of educational productivity and output measurement, and (4) practical methods for improving efficiency in education. (Author/EA)