The author describes the many techniques used to produce cinematic effects that would be too costly, too difficult, too time-consuming, too dangerous, or simply impossible to achieve with conventional photographic techniques. He points out that these techniques are available not only for 35 millimeter work but also to the 16 mm. photographer who may find them of special interest for economic, practical, and creative reasons. He divides special effects into (1) in-the-camera effects, (2) laboratory processes, and (3) combinations of the two. In-the-camera techniques described include changes in object speed, position, or direction, image distortions, optical transitions, superimpositions, day-for-night photography, split screen photography, in-the-camera matte shots, glass shots, mirror shots, and miniatures. Laboratory processes covered include bi-pack printing, optical printing, traveling mattes, and aerial-image printing. Combination techniques include front and rear projection. An extensive bibliography is presented which covers periodical articles, books, and research papers from 1909 to 1968. (JY)