The discussion of Precision Teaching, attempting to integrate humanism and behaviorism (what we know as educators and as behavioral scientists), provides both specific guidelines for teachers concerning positive classroom behavior change, and general directions in which education must go to remain relevant. The concept of Precision Teaching is discussed in terms of objective study of classroom behavior and classroom application of scientific developments in understanding of human learning, emphasizing the teacher's ability to influence student behavior by modifying the classroom environment. Outlined are specific principles of learning to be applied by the teacher to enhance learning and improve behavior. Chapters discussing behavior measurement, goals, strengthening desirable behavior and eliminating the undesirable, providing cues for learning, and programing are illustrated with research findings. Additional applications of precision teaching and behavior modification are covered in chapters on educational developments in mental retardation, social deprivation, and severely deviant behavior (emotionally disturbed children), in addition to application in the normal classroom. (KW)