Reported is a 1964 conference devoted to the problem of the low achiever in mathematics. Part I of the document presents five position papers concerned with motivation, Piaget's views on children's intellectual development, inplications of psychological research, the responsibility of school administrators, and business and industry cooperation with the schools. Part II offers six contributions describing current promising practices--programs in Baltimore and Fort Worth, mathematics materials specially prepared for noncollege bound students of average and below average ability, and an elementary mathematics laboratory. A series of recommendations are also included. (NH)