A study of the effects of inadequate nutrition upon disadvantaged children involved 113 Head Start children and their families. Information was collected on home diet, socioeconomic data, performance on intelligence tests, hemoglobin levels, class attendance, height, and weight to find out whether or not there was a relationship between nutrition and behavior. Since adequate nutrition enables one to cope better with stresses, it is probable that a satisfactory diet can positively influence behavior. Results indicate that high amounts of refined carbohydrates and low amounts of meat are associated with low playground activity, hyperactivity and short attention spans. Children with small amounts of vitamin A had lower playground activity, less hyperactivity, and longer attention spans. Specific measures need to be designed to test the relationships between diet and behavior. "The Relationship Between Hemoglobin Level and Intellectual Function" (PS 001 723), by the same author, is a shorter report on the same subject. (MS)