To determine the relationship between wage structure and employment patterns available evidence on changes in relative earnings and in relative numbers employed were surveyed for periods up to 15 years in 10 countries: Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Some findings were: (1) Industrial, occupational, regional wage rankings and wage differentials have been quite stable over relatively long periods of time, (2) Job turnover rates tend to be high where pay is low, and vice versa, and (3) Industry earnings averages appear to be related to the degree of concentration and profitability. Some implications were: (1) Wages should not be interpreted as having a causal relationship with a changing pattern of employment, (2) A period of rising wages puts pressure on declining industries and occupations to release workers, and (3) Substantial wage raises are necessary to remedy the position of workers who are recognized as underpaid in their occupation. Changes in relative earnings may improve allocative efficiency in (1) attracting labor to remote regions, (2) reducing labor turnover, (3) preventing attrition of employees for which long training periods are required, and (4) attracting qualified people in newly emerging professional occupations. (DM)