HISTORICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL PREMISES ABOUT THE MEANING OF WORK AND THE ROLE OF WORK IN MAN'S LIFE ARE EXPLORED. ATTITUDES TOWARD WORK CHANGE AS INCENTIVES CHANGED. WORK HAD MEANING WHEN IT MEANT SURVIVAL OR WAS CONNECTED TO A FEAR OF GOD. FREUD SAW WORK AS A FORCE WHICH BINDS MAN TO REALITY. OTHERS SEE IT AS A MEANS TO SELF-FULLFILLMENT, OR AS A PROTECTION AGAINST THE CONSCIOUSNESS OF DEATH. HOWEVER, THE DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY REQUIRES THE RESHAPING OF ATTITUDES TOWARD WORK. A LACK OF CONGRUENCY EXISTS BETWEEN THE GOALS OF THE INDIVIDUAL AND THOSE OF THE ORGANIZATION. MAN, INVOLVED IN A CHOICE BETWEEN AUTONOMY AND HIGH STANDARD OF LIVING, HAS CHOSEN THE GOOD LIFE. ALTHOUGH MARX'S EARLY WRITINGS PREDICTED THE LOSS OF INDIVIDUALISM, WORK ALIENATION IS NOT CONNECTED TO ANY POLITICAL IDEOLOGY. RATHER, IT IS CAUSED BY ANY SYSTEM UTILIZING MASS PRODUCTION PROCESSES. RELIEF FROM FEELINGS OF ALIENATION IN WORK BY MORE PROFITABLE USE OF LEISURE TIME IS NOT A SATISFACTORY SOLUTION. THE FRUSTRATIONS, RESENTMENT, AND LACK OF SELF-ESTEEM CAUSED BY WORK ALIENATION ARE CARRIED OVER INTO LEISURE PERIODS. MAN MUST DEVELOP A NEW ATTITUDE EMPHASIZING HIS ROLE AS A COOPERATIVE TEAM MEMBER RATHER THAN HIS ROLE AS AN UNDIVIDUALIST. THIS PAPER WAS PRESENTED AT THE ANNUAL MEETINGS OF THE AMERICAN ORTHOPSYCHIATRIC ASSN. (44TH), WASHINGTON, D.C., MARCH 21, 1967. (PS)