This report provides information about drug testing by American secondary schools, based on results from national surveys. The purposes of this study are (1) to provide descriptive information on drug testing practices by schools from 1998 to 2001, and (2) to examine the association between drug testing by schools and reported drug use by students. School-level data on drug testing were obtained through the Youth, Education, and Society study, and student-level survey data were obtained from the same schools participating in the Monitoring the Future study. A relatively small percentage of schools (about 18%) reported testing for drug use, with more high schools than middle schools reporting the use of drug testing. Drug testing was not associated with students' reported illicit drug use, nor with the rate of use among experienced marijuana users. Drug testing athletes was not associated with illicit drug use among male high school athletes. Policy implications are discussed. (Contains 25 references and 5 tables.) (Author)