Item and test analyses can be used to revise and improve both test items and the test as a whole. Recommendations for item and test analysis practices as they are reported in commonly used measurement textbooks are summarized. A heuristic data set is used to illustrate test and item analysis practices. Techniques developed in this paper are especially useful for developing norm-referenced tests. The wide usage of computers has made conducting item and test analyses much easier than it was. Methods developed mainly for hand computation, such as the discrimination index and point-biserial correlation, should be avoided in practice, since common software can provide the necessary information. An appendix contains the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences syntax file. (Contains 3 tables and 13 references.) (SLD)