Preliminary findings are presented from a study of the performance of 99 institutionalized retarded children on the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale (VABS), a revised form of the Vineland Social Maturity Scale (VSMS). No significant sex or race differences were revealed on test performances. Mental age was found to correlate with VABS scores with a range from .81 (Communication) to -.20 (Maladaptive 2). Results further suggested that the VABS social adaptive measures can be used to estimate functional level for institutional retardates, but that the maladaptive scores are relatively independent of cognitive components. Correlations between the VABS and VSMS were indicated, as was adequate discriminant validity between the VABS domain scores and the maladaptive scales. (Author/CL)