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Lopez, Alexis A.; Guzman-Orth, Danielle; Zapata-Rivera, Diego; Forsyth, Carolyn M.; Luce, Christine – ETS Research Report Series, 2021
Substantial progress has been made toward applying technology enhanced conversation-based assessments (CBAs) to measure the English-language proficiency of English learners (ELs). CBAs are conversation-based systems that use conversations among computer-animated agents and a test taker. We expanded the design and capability of prior…
Descriptors: Accuracy, English Language Learners, Language Proficiency, Language Tests
Whorton, Ryan; Almonte, Debby; Steiger, Darby; Robins, Cynthia; Gentile, Christopher; Bertling, Jonas – ETS Research Report Series, 2021
Social changes have resulted in an increase of students living in households that do not include both a mother and a father, reducing the efficacy of common survey questionnaire approaches to measuring student socioeconomic status (SES). This paper presents two studies conducted to develop and test a new,more inclusive set of student SES items…
Descriptors: Socioeconomic Status, Grade 4, Grade 8, Grade 12
Identifying Teachers' Needs for Results from Interim Unit Assessments. Research Report. ETS RR-21-08
Kannan, Priya; Bryant, Andrew D.; Shao, Shiyi; Wylie, E. Caroline – ETS Research Report Series, 2021
Interim assessments have been defined variously in different contexts and can be used for predictive purposes or instructional purposes. In this paper, we present results from a study where we evaluated reporting needs for interim assessments designed for instructional purposes and intended to be used at the end of defined curriculum units.…
Descriptors: Educational Assessment, Student Evaluation, Units of Study, Mathematics Tests
Yao, Lili; Haberman, Shelby; McCaffrey, Daniel F.; Lockwood, J. R. – ETS Research Report Series, 2020
Minimum discriminant information adjustment (MDIA), an approach to weighting samples to conform to known population information, provides a generalization of raking and poststratification. In the case of simple random sampling with replacement with uniform sampling weights, large-sample properties are available for MDIA estimates of population…
Descriptors: Discriminant Analysis, Sampling, Sample Size, Scores
Hanson, Stephen José; Saunders, Stephanie; Aponte, Arcelio; Copeland, Robert; Nettles, Michael – ETS Research Report Series, 2020
The academic achievement gap is a persistent and pernicious educational challenge confounded with race and socioeconomic status. The achievement gap persists despite over three decades of interventions and federal, state, and local policies and initiatives meant to close it. We examine the achievement gap in one of the most diverse states in the…
Descriptors: Achievement Gap, Racial Differences, Ethnicity, Socioeconomic Status
Cao, Yi; Chen, Jianshen; Zhang, Mo; Li, Chen – ETS Research Report Series, 2020
Scenario-based writing assessment has two salient characteristics by design: a lead-in/essay scaffolding structure and a unified scenario/topic throughout. In this study, we examine whether the scenario-based assessment design would impact students' essay scores compared to its alternative conditions, which intentionally broke the scaffolding…
Descriptors: Writing Processes, Vignettes, Writing Evaluation, Regression (Statistics)
Qian, Jiahe – ETS Research Report Series, 2020
The finite population correction (FPC) factor is often used to adjust variance estimators for survey data sampled from a finite population without replacement. As a replicated resampling approach, the jackknife approach is usually implemented without the FPC factor incorporated in its variance estimates. A paradigm is proposed to compare the…
Descriptors: Computation, Sampling, Data, Statistical Analysis
Attali, Yigal; Arieli-Attali, Meirav – ETS Research Report Series, 2019
Learning progressions (LPs) have seen a growing interest in recent years due to their potential benefits in the development of formative assessments for classroom use. Using an LP as the backbone of an assessment can yield diagnostic classifications of students that can guide instruction and remediation. In operationalizing an LP, assessment items…
Descriptors: Classification, Mastery Learning, Learning Processes, Sequential Approach
Zhu, Mengxiao; Zhang, Mo; Deane, Paul – ETS Research Report Series, 2019
The research on using event logs and item response time to study test-taking processes is rapidly growing in the field of educational measurement. In this study, we analyzed the keystroke logs collected from 761 middle school students in the United States as they completed a persuasive writing task. Seven variables were extracted from the…
Descriptors: Keyboarding (Data Entry), Data Collection, Data Analysis, Writing Processes
Kim, Eun Mi; Oláh, Leslie Nabors – ETS Research Report Series, 2019
In this study, we investigated the potential of a hypothesized geometrical measurement learning progression (LP) to examine students' thinking and understanding in this domain.We interviewed 30 third to fifth graders using 3 LP-based cognitive tasks that asked the students to find the length, perimeter, area, surface area, and volume measurement…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Geometry, Measurement, Grade 3
Andrews-Todd, Jessica; Jackson, G. Tanner; Kurzum, Christopher – ETS Research Report Series, 2019
Collaborative problem solving (CPS) is an important 21st-century skill for academic and career success, and as a result, there is increased interest among businesses and educational institutions in the assessment and development of CPS skills. CPS skills are difficult to measure using traditional forms of assessment, and that difficulty has led to…
Descriptors: Problem Solving, 21st Century Skills, Academic Achievement, Cooperation
Guzman-Orth, Danielle; Song, Yi; Sparks, Jesse R. – ETS Research Report Series, 2019
In this study, we investigated the challenges and opportunities in developing a computer-delivered English language arts (ELA) task intended to improve the accessibility of the task for middle school English learners (ELs). Data from cognitive labs with 8 ELs with varying language proficiency levels provided rich insight to student-- task…
Descriptors: Formative Evaluation, Test Construction, Test Items, Persuasive Discourse
Galikyan, Irena; Madyarov, Irshat; Gasparyan, Rubina – ETS Research Report Series, 2019
The broad range of English language teaching and learning contexts present in the world today necessitates high quality assessment instruments that can provide reliable and meaningful information about learners' English proficiency levels to relevant stakeholders. The "TOEFL Junior"® tests were recently introduced by Educational Testing…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Language Tests, Second Language Learning, Student Attitudes
Buzick, Heather M.; Rhoad-Drogalis, Anna; Laitusis, Cara C.; King, Teresa C. – ETS Research Report Series, 2019
A fundamental claim for Common Core State Standards (CCSS)-aligned assessments is that they will lead to better teaching practices. The purpose of this study is to seek evidence in support of this claim by surveying teachers about their instructional practices, test preparation strategies, and test score use both before and after the introduction…
Descriptors: Common Core State Standards, Teaching Methods, Teacher Attitudes, Alignment (Education)
Kevelson, Marisol J. C. – ETS Research Report Series, 2019
This study presents estimates of Black-White, Hispanic-White, and income achievement gaps using data from two different types of reading and mathematics assessments: constructed-response assessments that were likely more cognitively demanding and state achievement tests that were likely less cognitively demanding (i.e., composed solely or largely…
Descriptors: Racial Differences, Achievement Gap, White Students, African American Students