This article argues for the reintroduction of cognitive assessment for all New South Wales (NSW) school children to ensure the early identification of those who are intellectually gifted. The article is based on a review of the literature, and includes discussion on the development of cognitive assessments, and historical and current practices in the administration of cognitive assessments in NSW. The benefits of introducing teacher administered group screening tests to all children starting school are outlined. In particular, such a strategy may (a) lead to better targeted educational provisions, (b) provide a baseline for comparison with the later learning gains of children, (c) allow for the observation of early signs of underachievement, and (d) allow for the identification of emerging signs of learning difficulties. Children with both high and low screening scores are recommended for referral to psychologists for a full cognitive test and other assessments.