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Frenken, Marius; Imhoff, Roland – Applied Cognitive Psychology, 2023
Conspiracy theories express mistrust in common explanations and epistemic authorities. Independent of concrete content, the extent of endorsing conspiracy theories has also shown associations with interpersonal mistrust. Arguing from an evolutionary and error-management perspective, this increased interpersonal mistrust could either represent an…
Descriptors: Misconceptions, Beliefs, Theories, Trust (Psychology)
Stall, Lindsay M.; Petrocelli, John V. – Applied Cognitive Psychology, 2023
Research suggests that a number of cognitive processes--including pattern perception, intentionality bias, proportionality bias, and confirmation bias--may underlie belief in a conspiracy theory. However, there are reasons to believe that conspiracy theory beliefs also depend in part on a failure to understand the probability of actual events…
Descriptors: Beliefs, Theories, Misconceptions, Evidence
Iyengar, Ananya; Gupta, Poorvi; Priya, Nidhi – Applied Cognitive Psychology, 2023
We attempt to replicate Roozenbeek and van der Linden's Western-based study in India by employing the "Bad News Game," an online game, in which players take on the role of a misinformation tycoon. They are exposed to weakened doses of the strategies employed in conspiracy and fake news production with the aim to cognitively inoculate…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Deception, News Media, News Reporting
Wang, Haiyan; van Prooijen, Jan-Willem – Applied Cognitive Psychology, 2023
Conspiracy beliefs have been studied mostly through cross-sectional designs. We conducted a five-wave longitudinal study (N = 376; two waves before and three waves after the 2020 American presidential elections) to examine if the election results influenced specific conspiracy beliefs and conspiracy mentality, and whether effects differ between…
Descriptors: Misconceptions, Beliefs, Theories, Elections
Stone, Alexandria R.; Marsh, Elizabeth J. – Applied Cognitive Psychology, 2023
Misinformation surrounding COVID-19 spread rapidly and widely, posing a significant threat to public health. Here, we examined whether some types of misinformation are more believable than others, to the extent that they offer people hope in uncertain times. An initial group of subjects rated a series of COVID-19 misinformation statements for…
Descriptors: Beliefs, COVID-19, Pandemics, Misinformation
Georgiou, Neophytos; Delfabbro, Paul; Balzan, Ryan – Applied Cognitive Psychology, 2023
Conspiracy theory (CT) beliefs have become an important policy-relevant research area since the events of the COVID-19 pandemic. Increasing interest has been directed towards strategies that might reduce people's susceptibility to conspiratorial beliefs. In this study, we examined whether encouraging a stronger orientation towards critical…
Descriptors: Thinking Skills, Science Process Skills, COVID-19, Pandemics
Green, Jon; Druckman, James N.; Baum, Matthew A.; Lazer, David; Ognyanova, Katherine; Perlis, Roy H. – Applied Cognitive Psychology, 2023
Conspiratorial beliefs can endanger individuals and societies by increasing the likelihood of harmful behaviors such as the flouting of public health guidelines. While scholars have identified various correlates of conspiracy beliefs, one factor that has received scant attention is depressive symptoms. We use three large surveys to explore the…
Descriptors: Beliefs, Depression (Psychology), Correlation, Racial Differences
Biddlestone, Mikey; Roozenbeek, Jon; van der Linden, Sander – Applied Cognitive Psychology, 2023
Psychological inoculation has proven effective at reducing susceptibility to misinformation. We present a novel storytelling approach to inoculation against susceptibility to the conjunction fallacy (d[subscript meta-analysis] = 0.82), a known cognitive predictor of conspiracy beliefs. In Study 1 (Pilot; N = 161), a narrative inoculation (vs.…
Descriptors: Psychological Patterns, Deception, Ethics, Information Sources
Bettens, Talley; Warren, Amye R. – Applied Cognitive Psychology, 2023
Police officers are often trained to use the Behavior Analysis Interview (BAI) to detect deceit, but it is based on faulty indicators of lying that may be especially problematic for juveniles due to developmental immaturities. Juveniles, young adults, and adults were assigned to guilt or innocence conditions, read a criminal scenario, and…
Descriptors: Adolescents, Young Adults, Adults, Beliefs
Ballová Mikušková, Eva – Applied Cognitive Psychology, 2023
The main aim of the study was to replicate and extend van Prooijen's findings on how education and its outcomes (cognitive complexity, subjective social standing, self-esteem, a feeling of control and powerlessness, cognitive reflection, epistemic curiosity and scientific reasoning) predict conspiracy beliefs. In two studies (Study 1: N = 497,…
Descriptors: Outcomes of Education, Beliefs, Misconceptions, Cognitive Processes
Barrett, Emily; Kannis-Dymand, Lee; Love, Steven; Ramos-Cejudo, Juan; Lovell, Geoff P. – Applied Cognitive Psychology, 2023
This study investigated the relationship between sport related metacognitions with state anxiety dimensions, and compared how sporting categories affected these variables, among an online sample of athletes (N = 187). A MANOVA revealed there were significant differences between sporting types in metacognitive beliefs relating to the utility of…
Descriptors: Athletics, Athletes, Metacognition, Anxiety
Bensley, D. Alan; Watkins, Cody; Lilienfeld, Scott O.; Masciocchi, Christopher; Murtagh, Michael P.; Rowan, Krystal – Applied Cognitive Psychology, 2022
In three samples (Ns = 286, 304, and 273), we found that endorsement of conspiracy theories, paranormal beliefs, and psychological misconceptions were all positively intercorrelated, supporting an individual difference in the tendency to generally endorse unsubstantiated claims. Multiple regression analyses further supported generality, showing…
Descriptors: Beliefs, Trust (Psychology), Negative Attitudes, Cognitive Style
Rauwolf, Paul – Applied Cognitive Psychology, 2022
More work needs to be done to understand how mental well-being and interpersonal factors are associated with biases in judging the veracity of true and false political information. Three days before the 2020 U.S. presidential election, 477 participants guessed the veracity of true and false political statements. Interpersonal factors (e.g., high…
Descriptors: Ideology, Well Being, Mental Health, Interpersonal Relationship
Chung, Kai Li; Ding, I. Ling; Sumampouw, Nathanael E. J. – Applied Cognitive Psychology, 2022
Years of psychological research has demonstrated that the use of investigative interviewing methods based on up-to-date scientific evidence is important to ensure the reliability of child witnesses' statements. Ideally, professionals working with children are equipped with knowledge of memory functioning, as erroneous beliefs may impact how they…
Descriptors: Psychological Studies, Memory, Victims, Children
Parada, Sacha; Verlhiac, Jean-François – Applied Cognitive Psychology, 2022
The goal of this study is to test the effect of a growth mindset (GM) intervention with an added implementation intentions (II) protocol on French first-year university students' mindset, creating a new type of psychosocial intervention (GMII). We exposed participants to 3 intervention conditions (GMII vs. GM vs. control), measured mindset via…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Intervention, College Freshmen, Student Attitudes