This data book offers a comprehensive overview of the state of Latino children by integrating a range of key factors and outcomes in the areas of demography, citizenship, family structure, poverty, health, education, and juvenile justice. It provides an overview of current national and state-level trends for Latino children under age 18 relative to non-Hispanic White and Black children, documenting both regional variations and changing trends since the year 2000. The first section of the report covers basic demographic trends and the geographic distribution of the Latino youth population. The remainder of the report, divided into five sections, covers several key areas of well-being and "risk factors" for Latino children and families: nativity status and citizenship, family structure and income, education and language, health, and juvenile justice. The data described in this document tell a compelling but unfortunately alarming story, pointing primarily to the numerous obstacles and inequalities that currently impede Latino children's paths toward a successful adulthood and that may hinder the broader integration of Latinos into U.S. society if left unattended. Some disturbing national trends revealed in the report include the following: (1) Despite a predominantly hardworking adult population, the majority of Latino children continue to live in poor and low-income families; many live in high-poverty neighborhoods that are socially and economically isolated from more affluent communities; (2) Most Latino children are U.S. citizens, yet a majority live in immigrant families, which often results in significant barriers to services and the potential separation of children from their parents; (3) Latino children are disadvantaged in the educational system early on, and only 55% graduate from high school with a regular diploma; (4) One out of five Latino children--primarily children of immigrants--does not have access to health insurance. While in many respects healthier than other children, Hispanic children are faring significantly worse than other racial/ethnic groups on several important health indicators, including teen pregnancy, childhood obesity, and access to health care; and (5) Latino children and youth are disproportionately represented in the juvenile justice system and are increasingly placed in adult facilities. The data book also points to some overall positive trends for Hispanic children. Maternal education, for example, which has a significant impact on child well-being, has sharply increased over the past decade. However, the overall picture presented here shows clearly that Latino children, who represent a vital part of our country's future, are in need of significant help. (Contains 12 figures, 12 maps, 1 box, and 82 endnotes.)