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Lewis, Arthur; Smith, David – Theory into Practice, 1993
This article reviews literature on higher order thinking focusing on three issues: perspectives of philosophers and psychologists, attempts to differentiate between lower and higher order thinking, and the relationship between critical thinking and problem solving and what that means to higher order thinking. (SM)
Descriptors: Creative Thinking, Critical Thinking, Decision Making, Educational Philosophy
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Underbakke, Melva; And Others – Theory into Practice, 1993
The article suggests a method for organizing the research on teaching thinking and provides examples of indicators of teacher performance within various domains (hypothesis testing, argument assessment, problem solving, probabilistic thinking, and flexibility). Examples of empirical evidence supporting each indicator are included. (SM)
Descriptors: Creative Thinking, Critical Thinking, Elementary Secondary Education, Hypothesis Testing
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Lawson, Anton E. – Theory into Practice, 1993
A research review suggests that educational practice which nurtures the development of thinking skills in a free mind is effective for all. The paper describes the nature of thinking and the knowledge generation process. Success depends upon students having an opportunity to explore, question, and generate and test answers. (SM)
Descriptors: College Instruction, Creative Thinking, Critical Thinking, Educational Theories