Adult literacy and literacy education have long been a global agenda. China's literacy education has been developing amid the backdrop of international commitments and goals of adult literacy. Since the founding of new China in 1949, adult literacy policy in China has been continuously evolved within the changing political, economic and social…

It is Europe's ambition to be a strong knowledge based economy. The European Commission recognises the role of lifelong learning in achieving this aim. However, exploring participation rates in post-compulsory learning, it is clear that access to education and training is unequally distributed in society. We know that participation rates vary by…

Many educators of professionals use arts-based approaches, but often explore this within the confines of their own professional disciplines. This paper consists of a thematic review of the literature on arts and professional education, which cuts across professional disciplines in an attempt to identify the specific contribution the arts can make…

The Landless Workers' Movement (MST) is recognized as Brazil's most successful social movement. Although its goal is agrarian reform, the MST has been the subject of significant educational scholarship due to the emphasis it places on education reform, and formal and informal education. The MST's pedagogy has been extensively analysed. However,…

Habermas' work has influenced Mezirow's perspective transformation theory as well as schools of thought in critical thinking and critical theory. However, some interpretations of Habermas do not demonstrate familiarity with his work nor critiques outside of education, posing challenges to adult education grounded in his theories. (SK)

Focuses on tensions between two perspectives: a global political consensus on lifelong learning as reorganization of the education system and a phenomenology of lifelong learning that depicts education as a biographical process. Presents research needs focused on social learning. (Contains 93 references.) (SK)

Auto-photography and photo elicitation are techniques that can help teachers articulate often subconscious beliefs about teaching. In auto-photography, participants, not researchers, take the pictures. Photo elicitation uses photographs to stimulate the interviewing process. Issues include research collaboration, mutual visual context,…

The author reviews selected research and literature related to women in Zambia. Topics include (1) socialization of girls in schools, (2) training needs of women in rural areas, (3) involvement of women in the informal sector in urban areas, and (4) status of women as shown through a study of government structure. (Author/CH)

Adults do not learn science in the same way as either children or scientists. A separate theory of adult learning of science for scientific literacy is needed as the basis for the development of methodologies. (SK)

This literature review shows that independent learning and self-improvement were promoted in early nineteenth-century Canada. However, learner autonomy in the working classes faltered in the face of lack of resources and political opposition. (SK)

A new wave of racism in Europe is influenced by (1) rising nationalist sentiment; (2) government policies restricting immigration and asylum; (3) the transnational policies of the European Community; and (4) the politics and social change of the "new world disorder." (SK)

A review of women's status in Europe concludes that the integration of women into the labor market, rise in their education/training levels, and wider availability of child care are not enough to enable equal access to power. Adult education can help ensure wider opportunities and freedom of choice for women. (SK)

Adult continuing education's response to European unemployment is characterized as a move from marginality to expansion (1980-85) and from expansion to encapsualization or institutionalization (1985-91). The rapidly changing context may mark the future as a search for collective action. (SK)

Reviews the history of the term andragogy and compares concepts in Germany, France, Holland, Britain, Finland, the USSR, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Hungary, and Yugoslavia. Delineates five differing schools of thought. (SK)

Addresses the nature of a "multicultural society" by exploring the works of Gramsci, who wrote about immigration from early twentieth-century Italy and about the "collective memory" of culture shared by immigrants, which should be integrated into a new modern form of civil society. (SK)