Experimental studies are often employed to test the effectiveness of teaching innovations such as new pedagogy, curriculum, or learning resources. This article offers guidance on good practice in developing research designs, and in drawing conclusions from published reports. Random control trials potentially support the use of statistical…

Short-term studies often do not capture the full story of the effect that a researcher is trying to describe. If one wishes to elucidate long-term educational processes and outcomes, the only direct way of doing so is to stretch the duration of research projects and to study the same subjects over time. The limited availability of valid…

Outlines the criticisms of science education research related to the following points: absence of an adequate theoretical framework, methodological shortcomings in design and evaluation, and inadequate attention to science-specific problems of learning and characteristics of the learner. (Author/GS)

Presents a personal view of the experience and course work necessary in the training of personnel who wish to work in sociological, psychological, or curriculum aspects of science education. (GS)