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Daniel Kasper; Katrin Schulz-Heidorf; Knut Schwippert – Sociological Methods & Research, 2024
In this article, we extend Liao's test for across-group comparisons of the fixed effects from the generalized linear model to the fixed and random effects of the generalized linear mixed model (GLMM). Using as our basis the Wald statistic, we developed an asymptotic test statistic for across-group comparisons of these effects. The test can be…
Descriptors: Models, Achievement Tests, Foreign Countries, International Assessment
Richard Breen; John Ermisch – Sociological Methods & Research, 2024
We consider the problem of bias arising from conditioning on a post-outcome collider. We illustrate this with reference to Elwert and Winship (2014) but we go beyond their study to investigate the extent to which inverse probability weighting might offer solutions. We use linear models to derive expressions for the bias arising in different kinds…
Descriptors: Probability, Statistical Bias, Weighted Scores, Least Squares Statistics
Philip Dawid; Macartan Humphreys; Monica Musio – Sociological Methods & Research, 2024
Suppose "X" and "Y" are binary exposure and outcome variables, and we have full knowledge of the distribution of "Y," given application of "X." We are interested in assessing whether an outcome in some case is due to the exposure. This "probability of causation" is of interest in comparative…
Descriptors: Causal Models, Intervals, Probability, Qualitative Research
Ioana-Elena Oana; Carsten Q. Schneider – Sociological Methods & Research, 2024
The robustness of qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) results features high on the agenda of methodologists and practitioners. This article aims at advancing this debate on several fronts. First, in line with the extant literature, we take a comprehensive view on robustness arguing that decisions on calibration, consistency, and frequency…
Descriptors: Robustness (Statistics), Qualitative Research, Comparative Analysis, Decision Making
Victoria Reyes; Elizabeth Bogumil; Levin Elias Welch – Sociological Methods & Research, 2024
Transparency is once again a central issue of debate across types of qualitative research. Work on how to conduct qualitative data analysis, on the other hand, walks us through the step-by-step process on how to code and understand the data we've collected. Although there are a few exceptions, less focus is on transparency regarding…
Descriptors: Qualitative Research, Data Analysis, Guides, Databases
Josh Seim – Sociological Methods & Research, 2024
How much should ethnographers involve themselves with the people, places, and processes they study? One answer has become increasingly popular: invert the standard method of participant observation into observant participation. This article draws on an ethnography of ambulance work to consider the trade-offs between these approaches. My fieldwork…
Descriptors: Participant Observation, Ethnography, Emergency Medical Technicians, Observation
Benjamin Rohr; John Levi Martin – Sociological Methods & Research, 2024
It is common for social scientists to use formal quantitative methods to compare ecological units such as towns, schools, or nations. In many cases, the size of these units in terms of the number of individuals subsumed in each differs substantially. When the variables in question are counts, there is generally some attempt to neutralize…
Descriptors: Social Science Research, Population Distribution, Ecology, Demography
Amir Abdul Reda; Semuhi Sinanoglu; Mohamed Abdalla – Sociological Methods & Research, 2024
How can we measure the resource mobilization (RM) efforts of social movements on Twitter? In this article, we create the first ever measure of social movements' RM efforts on a social media platform. To this aim, we create a four-conditional lexicon that can parse through tweets and identify those concerned with RM. We also create a simple RM…
Descriptors: Social Media, Social Action, Natural Language Processing, Politics
Cornelia Eva Neuert – Sociological Methods & Research, 2024
The quality of data in surveys is affected by response burden and questionnaire length. With an increasing number of questions, respondents can become bored, tired, and annoyed and may take shortcuts to reduce the effort needed to complete the survey. In this article, direct evidence is presented on how the position of items within a web…
Descriptors: Online Surveys, Test Items, Test Format, Test Construction
Stephen L. Morgan; Jiwon Lee – Sociological Methods & Research, 2024
The linear dependence of age, period, and birth cohort is a challenge for the analysis of social change. With either repeated cross-sectional data or conventional panel data, raw change cannot be decomposed into over-time differences that are attributable to the effects of common experiences of alternative birth cohorts, features of the periods…
Descriptors: Surveys, Cohort Analysis, Data Interpretation, Observation
Sarah K. Cowan; Michael Hout; Stuart Perrett – Sociological Methods & Research, 2024
Long-running surveys need a systematic way to reflect social change and to keep items relevant to respondents, especially when they ask about controversial subjects, or they threaten the items' validity. We propose a protocol for updating measures that preserves content and construct validity. First, substantive experts articulate the current and…
Descriptors: Surveys, Public Opinion, Social Attitudes, Pregnancy
Minghui Yao; Yunjie Xu – Sociological Methods & Research, 2024
As a crucial method in organizational and social behavior research, self-report surveys must manage method bias. Method biases are distorted scores in survey response, distorted variance in variables, and distorted relational estimates between variables caused by method designs. Studies on method bias have focused on "post hoc"…
Descriptors: Statistical Bias, Social Science Research, Questionnaires, Test Bias
Julia Meisters; Adrian Hoffmann; Jochen Musch – Sociological Methods & Research, 2024
Indirect questioning techniques such as the randomized response technique aim to control social desirability bias in surveys of sensitive topics. To improve upon previous indirect questioning techniques, we propose the new Cheating Detection Triangular Model. Similar to the Cheating Detection Model, it includes a mechanism for detecting…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Native Speakers, Adults, Cheating
Fabiola Reiber; Donna Bryce; Rolf Ulrich – Sociological Methods & Research, 2024
Randomized response techniques (RRTs) are applied to reduce response biases in self-report surveys on sensitive research questions (e.g., on socially undesirable characteristics). However, there is evidence that they cannot completely eliminate self-protecting response strategies. To address this problem, there are RRTs specifically designed to…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Family Violence, COVID-19, Pandemics
Ellis, Rachel – Sociological Methods & Research, 2023
Numerous articles and textbooks advise qualitative researchers on accessing "hard-to-reach" or "hidden" populations. In this article, I compare two studies that I conducted with justice-involved women in the United States: a yearlong ethnography inside a state women's prison and an interview study with formerly incarcerated…
Descriptors: Population Groups, Barriers, Institutionalized Persons, Females