This study reviewed incorporating a lesson about immigration in pre-service teachers' (N = 45) respective curricula. Additionally, it discussed participants' responses, their level of preparedness, and in some cases their hindrances to teaching controversial lessons. Crafting a framework to teach future teachers about complex subjects such as…

The absence of social studies curriculum is a problem because it undermines the essential purposes of schooling: to prepare participatory, contributing members of a democratic society. In this article, we argue that integrating the literacy and social studies curricula is one meaningful way to support such civic-minded social studies instruction…