Clarity of school rules and teachers' use of praise are strategies suggested to facilitate a positive classroom climate. Studies indicate difficulties for teachers to use such approaches in classrooms with higher levels of disruption. To study (1) if student-rated clarity of school rules, use of praise, and classroom climate differ between…

What are the long-term effects of justice and injustice in school? This longitudinal study examined the bidirectional relationships of classroom justice with students' behavioral problems, well-being, and joy of learning. Using systematic observation on the single-child level, teachers and external observers made high and low inference justice…

Despite the strong interest in research about collaboration among teachers, there are few longitudinal studies that have investigated improvements in collaborative activity among teachers through school-wide interventions. Drawing on data from a larger study, this article describes improvements in collaborative activity among 900 teachers at 28…