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Direct linkLiu, Fuchang – School Science and Mathematics, 2009
Four hundred and three 3rd- and 5th-grade Chinese students took the Multiplication Estimation Test or participated in the interview on it, designed to assess their computational estimation performance on whole-number multiplication. Students perform better when tasks are presented visually than orally. Third graders tend to use rounding based…
Descriptors: Mental Computation, Grade 5, Grade 3, Arithmetic
