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Tholin, Jörgen – Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 2019
In Swedish compulsory school, students can choose to study a modern language in addition to English, i.e., French, Spanish, or German. Since 1994, instruction time for modern languages has been extended, the learning objectives have been made more attainable, and national assessment materials have been introduced. The government made these changes…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Second Language Learning, English (Second Language), French
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Bjornsdottir, Amalia; Hansen, Borkur; Johannsson, Olafur H. – Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 2008
The governance of basic schools (grades 1-10) in Iceland was transferred from state control to municipal control in 1995 with a new Basic School Act. This transfer was in line with the emphasis on school-based management that was stressed in the Act. This policy was criticised by many, including teachers and their union representatives. Research…
Descriptors: School Based Management, Urban Areas, Teachers, Educational Policy