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Hong, Quan Nha; Bangpan, Mukdarut; Stansfield, Claire; Kneale, Dylan; O'Mara-Eves, Alison; Grootel, Leonie; Thomas, James – Research Synthesis Methods, 2022
Reviewing complex interventions is challenging because they include many elements that can interact dynamically in a nonlinear manner. A systems perspective offers a way of thinking to help understand complex issues, but its application in evidence synthesis is not established. The aim of this project was to understand how and why systems…
Descriptors: Intervention, Systems Approach, Evidence, Synthesis
Rücker, Gerta; Schwarzer, Guido – Research Synthesis Methods, 2021
In the era of the "reproducibility crisis" and the "P-value controversy" new ways of presentation and interpretation of the results of a meta-analysis are desirable. One suggestion that has been made for single studies almost six decades ago and taken up now and then is the P-value function. For a given outcome, this function…
Descriptors: Meta Analysis, Statistical Analysis, Computation, Replication (Evaluation)
Nakagawa, Shinichi; Lagisz, Malgorzata; O'Dea, Rose E.; Rutkowska, Joanna; Yang, Yefeng; Noble, Daniel W. A.; Senior, Alistair M. – Research Synthesis Methods, 2021
"Classic" forest plots show the effect sizes from individual studies and the aggregate effect from a meta-analysis. However, in ecology and evolution, meta-analyses routinely contain over 100 effect sizes, making the classic forest plot of limited use. We surveyed 102 meta-analyses in ecology and evolution, finding that only 11% use the…
Descriptors: Graphs, Meta Analysis, Ecology, Evolution
Laurent, Anabelle; Lyu, Xiaodan; Kyveryga, Peter; Makowski, David; Hofmann, Heike; Miguez, Fernando – Research Synthesis Methods, 2021
The on-farm research network concept enables a group of farmers to test new agricultural management practices under local conditions with support from local researchers or agronomists. Different on-farm trials based on the same experimental design are conducted over several years and sites to test the effectiveness of different innovative…
Descriptors: Data, Visual Aids, Data Analysis, Synthesis
Reid, Edwin; Guise, Jeanne-Marie; Fiordalisi, Celia; Macdonald, Scott; Chang, Stephanie – Research Synthesis Methods, 2021
Evidence-based decision-making is predicated on the ability of users to find and comprehend results from systematic review. Evidence producers have an obligation to support evidence users in this process. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Evidence-based Practice Center (EPC) program--a producer of rigorous and comprehensive…
Descriptors: Evidence Based Practice, Decision Making, Criticism, Health Services
Boon, Michele Hilton; Thomson, Hilary – Research Synthesis Methods, 2021
Effect direction (evidence to indicate improvement, deterioration, or no change in an outcome) can be used as a standardized metric which enables the synthesis of diverse effect measures in systematic reviews. The effect direction (ED) plot was developed to support the synthesis and visualization of effect direction data. Methods for the ED plot…
Descriptors: Visualization, Data Analysis, Measurement Techniques, Guidance
Wang, Junfeng; Keusters, Willem R.; Wen, Lingzi; Leeflang, Mariska M. G. – Research Synthesis Methods, 2021
Background: Individual patient data meta-analyses (IPD-MA) are regarded as the gold standard for systematic reviews, which also applies to systematic reviews of diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) studies. An increasing number of DTA systematic reviews with IPD-MA have been published in recent years, but there is much variation in how these IPD-MA were…
Descriptors: Diagnostic Tests, Accuracy, Patients, Meta Analysis
Seo, Michael; Furukawa, Toshi A.; Veroniki, Areti Angeliki; Pillinger, Toby; Tomlinson, Anneka; Salanti, Georgia; Cipriani, Andrea; Efthimiou, Orestis – Research Synthesis Methods, 2021
Network meta-analysis (NMA) can be used to compare multiple competing treatments for the same disease. In practice, usually a range of outcomes is of interest. As the number of outcomes increases, summarizing results from multiple NMAs becomes a nontrivial task, especially for larger networks. Moreover, NMAs provide results in terms of relative…
Descriptors: Networks, Network Analysis, Meta Analysis, Visualization
Turner, Simon L.; Karahalios, Amalia; Forbes, Andrew B.; Taljaard, Monica; Grimshaw, Jeremy M.; Korevaar, Elizabeth; Cheng, Allen C.; Bero, Lisa; McKenzie, Joanne E. – Research Synthesis Methods, 2021
Introduction: Interrupted Time Series (ITS) studies may be used to assess the impact of an interruption, such as an intervention or exposure. The data from such studies are particularly amenable to visual display and, when clearly depicted, can readily show the short- and long-term impact of an interruption. Further, well-constructed graphs allow…
Descriptors: Graphs, Data Analysis, Visualization, Meta Analysis
Luo, Yan; Chaimani, Anna; Furukawa, Toshi A.; Kataoka, Yuki; Ogawa, Yusuke; Cipriani, Andrea; Salanti, Georgia – Research Synthesis Methods, 2021
It is often challenging to present the available evidence in a timely and comprehensible manner. We aimed to visualize the evolution of evidence about antidepressants for depression by conducting cumulative network meta-analyses (NMAs) and to examine whether it could have helped the selection of optimal drugs. We built a Shiny web application that…
Descriptors: Networks, Network Analysis, Meta Analysis, Drug Therapy
Patel, Amit; Cooper, Nicola; Freeman, Suzanne; Sutton, Alex – Research Synthesis Methods, 2021
Diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) systematic reviews are conducted to summarize evidence on the accuracy of a diagnostic test including a critical evaluation of the primary studies. Where appropriate, the evidence is meta-analyzed to obtain pooled estimates of effectiveness. In this study, we reviewed and critiqued three DTA guidance documents with…
Descriptors: Diagnostic Tests, Accuracy, Meta Analysis, Graphs
Papakonstantinou, Theodoros; Nikolakopoulou, Adriani; Egger, Matthias; Salanti, Georgia – Research Synthesis Methods, 2021
Meta-analysis results are usually presented in forest plots, which show the individual study results and the summary effect along with their confidence intervals. In this paper, we propose a system of linear springs as a mechanical analogue of meta-analysis that enables visualization and enhances intuition. The length of a spring corresponds to a…
Descriptors: Meta Analysis, Research Methodology, Visualization, Intuition
Seide, Svenja E.; Jensen, Katrin; Kieser, Meinhard – Research Synthesis Methods, 2021
Traditional visualization in meta-analysis uses forest plots to illustrate the combined treatment effect, along with the respective results from primary trials. While the purpose of visualization is clear in the pairwise setting, additional treatments broaden the focus and extend the results to be illustrated in network meta-analysis. The…
Descriptors: Graphs, Visualization, Simulation, Meta Analysis
McGuinness, Luke A.; Higgins, Julian P. T. – Research Synthesis Methods, 2021
Despite a major increase in the range and number of software offerings now available to help researchers produce evidence syntheses, there is currently no generic tool for producing figures to display and explore the risk-of-bias assessments that routinely take place as part of systematic review. However, tools such as the R programming…
Descriptors: Computer Software, Visual Aids, Synthesis, Evidence
Schwarzer, Guido; Efthimiou, Orestis; Rücker, Gerta – Research Synthesis Methods, 2021
The Peto odds ratio is a well-known effect measure in meta-analysis of binary outcomes. For pairwise comparisons, the Peto odds ratio estimator can be severely biased in the situation of unbalanced sample sizes in the two treatment groups or large treatment effects. In this publication, we evaluate Peto odds ratio estimators in the setting of…
Descriptors: Meta Analysis, Sample Size, Computation, Probability